Run your app with expo-cli and press i from the command line or Run on iOS simulator from the browser-based DevTools UI. You may get a warning about needing to accept the Xcode license. Run the command that it suggests. Open your app again, success! This will open the Force Quit Applications manager which will show you all running apps on your Mac. To force quit one of these applications, simply click on the application from the list and click on the Force Quit button. Show Running Apps and Processes On Mac using the Terminal Command. The long ribbon of icons at the bottom of the Mac's screen is called the Dock. Clicking apps in the Dock is the primary method of launching them. The Dock also shows the status of applications—for example, whether they're running or needing your attention.
I've been writing a Mac app that runs command-line applications under the hood. This app presents itself as a nice wrapper around a few different image-processing command-line applications: you could download my app and 'free yourself' from having to manage these command-line image processors yourself.
The idea of building a GUI around a command-line app is well-trodden territory: Git clients are a common example.[1] Often, though, these applications assume that you already have the command-line tool installed, and I didn't want to make that assumption with the app I'm building. I wanted some way to embed the command line application in my Mac app so that you could download the app on a fresh computer, on any supported version of MacOS, and be able to use it.
I ultimately figured out how, and will tell you soon, but first..
This isn't a typical way of going about running other dependent programs from your program. If you were building a GUI around Git, for example, you'd likely want to include libgit2—a C library for interacting with Git—as a code dependency, rather than bundling the
git
command-line executable with your app. If you're processing JPEG images, you'd want to build and use the libjpeg C API instead of building libjpeg and including the jpegtran
executable. If you have a library for interacting with the software, you get more natural code hooks for directly interacting with the service, rather than trying to go through a frontend designed for humans.[2] This library will often give you more power and control. It'll be faster, since you won't be spinning up a new process just to run some code. You'll be more easily able to distribute the library, and the library will often work on more targets.[3]You might not want to work with the whole software library, though, especially if it's designed for more complex use cases than yours. You might be sure you can do everything you want to do from the command-line interface. You might not care about the portability concerns, or the additional time and computing overhead that starting a new process will take. Or there might not be a library for you to work with at all: the command-line interface might be the only way you can interact with the program. If that sounds like your scenario, then carry on.
I downloaded the program (in my case,
jpegtran
) using Homebrew. This installed the compiled executable file (or binary) to my machine. (Alternatively, you could compile jpegtran yourself.) I then located the freshly-installed binary on my disk:Ultimately, I want to embed this file in my own application bundle[4] and call into it from my code.
I copied the file into my project folder in a special (but arbitrary) directory I had already made. I called it
lib
, for 'Libraries.'You'll see a
lib
folder appear in your Xcode sidebar.Now, you need to tell Xcode that it should include the
lib
directory in the application bundle. In Xcode, go to your project settings and click on your application target. In the top navigation bar, you'll see a 'Build Phases' tab, and once you select that tab, you'll see 'Copy Bundle Resources' as one of the build phases. Expand that build phase, and drag and drop the lib
directory from Finder into the list of bundle resources.Now, build and run the app and open the application bundle in the Finder.[5] You'll be able to see your freshly minted
lib
directory (under Contents/Resources
).Now you can run the command-line app from your code. When you build (and later distribute) your application, the application bundle will have the binary in its
lib
directory, and you can use Foundation's Process API to run it with all the command-line flags you want:Unfortunately, though, this probably won't work.
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It's highly likely that you're not working with a standalone binary; instead, your binary probably depends on one or more dynamic libraries. Dynamic libraries (sometimes called dylibs) are libraries of code that are installed on the computer in a shared library space, and linked with the executable at runtime.[6] If your binary depends on any dynamic libraries, those dylibs are not guaranteed to be included on the user's system.[7] We have to first include those dylibs in the application bundle, then manually change the command-line app's binary so it will tell the linker to look for those dylibs in the application bundle instead of in the shared library space.
Wait, what?
Binaries contains a list of the names and locations of each dylib that binary depends upon. Those names are set during compilation, so they're accurate for whatever system they're compiled for.[8] You can list the dylibs a given application depends on using
otool
:This shows that
jpegtran
relies on one dylib, and that dylib is located at /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
. Your goal for the rest of the article is to patch the jpegtran
binary so that instead of pointing in /usr/lib
(a location outside the app sandbox), it instead points to the application bundle, where we'll install a copy of the dylib so we can distribute it with our app.Alright.
To include the dylib in our application bundle, we create a new directory next to
lib
(I called it frameworks
), and copy the dylib into that directory:Mac Command Line
Create a new 'Copy Files' build phase and set the destination to 'Frameworks'. Drag your newly-copied dylib from the Finder to the list of files in Xcode. When you build your project, you should see the dylib in
Contents/Frameworks
.By installing them into the
Frameworks
directory, Xcode knows to embed the framework in the application target in such a way that the linker can reference it.![Running .app from command line mac Running .app from command line mac](/uploads/1/3/4/2/134212995/194756226.jpg)
Now that your dylibs will be included (and linkable) whenever you build and distribute your application, you need to point your executable towards the dylib's new home.
Usually, the executable points to an absolute file path. We don't know where the application bundle will live on disk, so we can't use an absolute path here. Fortunately,
dyld
(the macOS linker) recognizes some keywords that let us build up a relative path instead. For example, @executable_path
will be replaced by the path of the binary that requested that dylib. With the install_name_tool
utility, we can change the executable so that it points to a dylib path relative to @executable_path
. Since the structure of the application binary will always be the same, we can be confident that our relative paths will always resolve.As a reminder, here are the relevant files within the application bundle:
We use this command to reconfigure
jpegtran
to point to a new location for libSystem.B.dylib
:Running .app From Command Line Mac
Now, the copy of
jpegtran
in the lib
directory will point to the copy of libSystem.B.dylib
in the frameworks
directory, and because everything lives in the application bundle, running the command-line application from within your app code won't hit any sandbox-related file access issues, and it won't hit any 'missing dynamic library' issues. If the Swift code to run jpegtran
didn't work before, it should work now.This process can be a little tedious. If your binary relies on multiple dylibs, you will have to go through this process for each one. Sometimes, you might encounter a dylib that depends on another dylib. You can use the same tools (
otool
and install_name_tool
) to reconfigure the dylib, just as you did to reconfigure the executable.Yes.
- Of course, we can go one layer deeper. Not only do they make 'GUIs around a command-line app,' people also make and use 'Terminal-based GUIs around a command-line app', like GRV. ↩︎
- It's not entirely natural to think of a command-line application as a frontend designed for humans, especially since there are so many tools (like Bash scripts) that programmatically interact with command-line interfaces. ↩︎
- A term which here means 'the set of computers, processors, and/or operating systems you want to compile your code to work with.' ↩︎
- In macOS, GUI applications aren't just single executable files. Instead, they're bundles: specially handled directories that contain assets, config files, and the executable. ↩︎
- Not sure how? Right click on the icon in the dock, and select 'Options → Show in Finder'. Right click on the application in the Finder window, hold down option, and select 'Show Package Contents'. The folder you'll find yourself in holds the contents of the application bundle: welcome! ↩︎
- Dynamic libraries are contrasted with static libraries, which are 'burned into' the executable during compilation. When I was talking about libgit2 and libjpeg in the introduction, I was talking about including those static libraries in your application and calling into that code. ↩︎
- Even if they were, a sandboxed Mac application can't access files (including dynamic libraries) outside the application bundle unless given specific permission. If you try to call a dylib from within the sandbox, it'll fail. ↩︎
- When you install an application from a .pkg file using Installer, one of the things the installer script might be doing is installing new dylibs into your shared library space. ↩︎
This article applies to: ✔️ .NET Core 2.x SDK and later versions
Name
dotnet run
- Runs source code without any explicit compile or launch commands.Synopsis
Description
The
dotnet run
command provides a convenient option to run your application from the source code with one command. It's useful for fast iterative development from the command line. The command depends on the dotnet build
command to build the code. Any requirements for the build, such as that the project must be restored first, apply to dotnet run
as well.Output files are written into the default location, which is
bin/<configuration>/<target>
. For example if you have a netcoreapp2.1
application and you run dotnet run
, the output is placed in bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.1
. Files are overwritten as needed. Temporary files are placed in the obj
directory.If the project specifies multiple frameworks, executing
dotnet run
results in an error unless the -f|--framework <FRAMEWORK>
option is used to specify the framework.The
dotnet run
command is used in the context of projects, not built assemblies. If you're trying to run a framework-dependent application DLL instead, you must use dotnet without a command. For example, to run myapp.dll
, use:For more information on the
dotnet
driver, see the .NET Core Command Line Tools (CLI) topic.The long ribbon of icons at the bottom of the Mac's screen is called the Dock. https://semkze.weebly.com/blog/open-all-apps-on-mac.
To run the application, the
dotnet run
command resolves the dependencies of the application that are outside of the shared runtime from the NuGet cache. Because it uses cached dependencies, it's not recommended to use dotnet run
to run applications in production. Instead, create a deployment using the dotnet publish
command and deploy the published output.https://semkze.weebly.com/digital-comics-app-mac.html. YACReader is best known for its ability to organize and maintain a library of personal. Read over 75,000 comics and over 700 free comics available from publishers such as Marvel, DC, Image, BOOM, IDW, Top Shelf, and Oni Press on your iPhone, iPad. Just as MP3s revolutionized the way people listened to and bought music, the rise in digital comics formats threatens to change the comics industry forever — and for the better, if you ask me.
Implicit restore
You don't have to run
dotnet restore
because it's run implicitly by all commands that require a restore to occur, such as dotnet new
, dotnet build
, dotnet run
, dotnet test
, dotnet publish
, and dotnet pack
. To disable implicit restore, use the --no-restore
option.The
dotnet restore
command is still useful in certain scenarios where explicitly restoring makes sense, such as continuous integration builds in Azure DevOps Services or in build systems that need to explicitly control when the restore occurs.For information about how to manage NuGet feeds, see the
dotnet restore
documentation.This command supports the
dotnet restore
options when passed in the long form (for example, --source
). Short form options, such as -s
, are not supported.Options
--
Delimits arguments todotnet run
from arguments for the application being run. All arguments after this delimiter are passed to the application run.-c|--configuration <CONFIGURATION>
Defines the build configuration. The default for most projects isDebug
, but you can override the build configuration settings in your project.-f|--framework <FRAMEWORK>
Builds and runs the app using the specified framework. The framework must be specified in the project file.--force
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Prints out a short help for the command.--interactive
Allows the command to stop and wait for user input or action (for example, to complete authentication). Available since .NET Core 3.0 SDK.--launch-profile <NAME>
The name of the launch profile (if any) to use when launching the application. Launch profiles are defined in the launchSettings.json file and are typically calledDevelopment
,Staging
, andProduction
. For more information, see Working with multiple environments.App popcorn time mac. Popcorn Time is an App that allows you to Stream Free HD Movies and TV Shows. It’s as Simple as Picking out a Movie or Episode, Selecting the Streaming Quality and Subtitles, and Clicking Play!If you have Mac, you can Simply Download Popcorn Time for Mac, however for Android the case is different.--no-build
Doesn't build the project before running. It also implicit sets the--no-restore
flag.--no-dependencies
When restoring a project with project-to-project (P2P) references, restores the root project and not the references.--no-launch-profile
Doesn't try to use launchSettings.json to configure the application.--no-restore
Doesn't execute an implicit restore when running the command.-p|--project <PATH>
Specifies the path of the project file to run (folder name or full path). If not specified, it defaults to the current directory.-r|--runtime <RUNTIME_IDENTIFIER>
Specifies the target runtime to restore packages for. For a list of Runtime Identifiers (RIDs), see the RID catalog.-r
short option available since .NET Core 3.0 SDK.-v|--verbosity <LEVEL>
Sets the verbosity level of the command. Allowed values areq[uiet]
,m[inimal]
,n[ormal]
,d[etailed]
, anddiag[nostic]
. The default value ism
. Available since .NET Core 2.1 SDK.
Examples
- Run the project in the current directory:
- Run the specified project:
- Run the project in the current directory (the
--help
argument in this example is passed to the application, since the blank--
option is used): - Restore dependencies and tools for the project in the current directory only showing minimal output and then run the project:(.NET Core SDK 2.0 and later versions):